AI for Humanity: AI based on Human Rights (WorldBank)

eWeek

eWeek

(Originally published on the Dig Watch website)

Governments are increasingly using AI to improve efficiency or lower the costs of public services by automating decision-making in public services. At the same time, such algorithmic systems can also cause harm human rights (through reinforcing discrimination and undermining the privacy of digital personal data, e.g.), and frequently lack transparency and accountability in their implementation and use. Governments do not yet have a consistent means evaluating the impact of such systems on fundamental Human Rights. The goal of this session is to help better identify potential risks that may arise in connection with including certain AI/machine learning activities may impact human rights.

UNGPs lens to managing human rights risks from Generative AI

UNGPs lens to managing human rights risks from Generative AI

UNGPs lens to managing human rights risks from Generative AI

(Originally published on the UN website)

This panel discussion session convened by the UN B-Tech Project (“B-Tech”) at the UN Forum on Business and Human Rights will discuss how human rights risks associated with generative artificial intelligence (“generative AI”) can be addressed through application of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (“UNGPs”). Serving as the official launch for a series of B-Tech papers examining the human rights dimensions of generative AI, this session will explore (1) how the development, deployment, and use of these systems may pose risks to human rights; and (2) how company and State action to address these risks should be informed by the UNGPs. The session will feature panelists representing the UN human rights office, generative AI developers, civil society, and other stakeholders.

Spotlight Series on Human-Centric Digital Transformation

Spotlight Series on Human-Centric Digital Transformation

Spotlight Series on Human-Centric Digital Transformation

(Originally published on the ITU website)

A Concluding Workshop is planned for December 2023 or January 2024, gathering stakeholders from previous workshops and senior officials from participating countries to discuss final conclusions and recommendations, challenges to implementation and related solutions, as well as trends in human-centric design within digital development.

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Digital freedoms in french-speaking African countries

Digital freedoms in French-speaking African countries

(Originally published in AFD)

As digital penetration increases in countries across the African continent, its citizens face growing risks and challenges. Indeed, beyond facilitated access to knowledge such as the online encyclopedia Wikipedia, to leisure-related tools such as Youtube, and to sociability such as social networks, digital technology offers an unprecedented space for democratic expression.

However, these online civic spaces are under threat. Several governments have enacted vaguely-defined laws, allowing for random arrests.

Several countries have implemented repressive practices restricting freedom of expression and access to information. This is what is known as “digital authoritarianism”, which is on the rise in many countries.

This report takes stock of digital freedoms in 26 French-speaking African countries, and proposes concrete actions to improve citizen participation and democracy.

Les libertés numériques dans les pays francophones d’Afrique

Les libertés numériques dans les pays francophones d’Afrique

(Publié initialement dans AFD)

Alors que la pénétration du numérique s’accroît dans les pays du continent africain, ses citoyens font face à des risques et défis croissants. En effet, au-delà de l’accès facilité à la connaissance comme l’encyclopédie en ligne Wikipedia, à des outils associés aux loisirs comme Youtube et de sociabilité comme les réseaux sociaux, le numérique offre un espace d’expression démocratique inédit.

Toutefois, ces espaces civiques en ligne sont en danger. Plusieurs gouvernements ont promulgué des lois définies de manière vague permettant ainsi des arrestations aléatoires.

Plusieurs pays ont mis en oeuvre des pratiques répressives restreignant la liberté d’expression et l’accès à l’information. C’est ce que l’on appelle l’« autoritarisme numérique » qui est en plein essor dans de nombreux pays.

Ce rapport dresse un état des lieux de ces libertés numériques dans 26 pays francophones en Afrique et propose des actions concrètes pour améliorer la participation citoyenne et la démocratie.

Internet and Africa: What Cyberspace for Tomorrow?

A pupil using a Kio tablet during a class session in Kawangware, Nairobi on October 2015

(Originally published in ID4D)

African countries have never been faced with such decisive choices in the construction of a cyberspace that respects freedoms and meets the needs of their citizens. One of the continent’s main challenges for the future.

The first Internet connections in Africa arrived back in the late 1990s through geostationary satellites. Projects for satellite constellations were also set up during the same decade. At a later stage, submarine cables were installed around the continent, as well as terrestrial backbones. The first cables connecting Europe, Africa and Asia were put in service in 2002. Most recently, projects for drones and balloons have been tested and a number of submarine cables have been laid.

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Sur le continent africain, imaginer le cyberespace de demain

Un élève utilise une tablette Kio lors dans une classe à Kawangware, Nairobi, en octobre 2015. Photo par Simon MAINA / AFP

(Publié à l’origine dans ID4D)

Les pays africains sont plus que jamais face à des choix décisifs pour la construction d’un cyberespace respectueux des libertés et répondant aux besoins de leurs citoyens. C’est un chantier majeur qui attend le continent.

Les premières connexions à Internet sur le continent africain sont arrivées dès la fin des années 1990 grâce à des satellites géostationnaires. Durant la même décennie, des projets de constellations satellitaires ont aussi vu le jour. C’est dans un second temps que des câbles sous-marins ont été mis en place autour du continent ainsi que des dorsales terrestres. Les premiers câbles reliant l’Europe, l’Afrique et l’Asie ont été mis en activité en 2002. Plus récemment encore, des projets de drones et de ballons ont été testés et de nombreux câbles sous-marins ont été posés.

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Internet Freedom: Fighting Back Against Digital Authoritarianism

A surveillance system in Ecuador

(Originally published in the Georgetown Journal of International Affairs)

One of the great challenges of cyberspace is defending freedom and human rights on the internet, all of which are in steady decline. In a decade, we have moved from a free and open internet to one dominated by closed platforms that are more centralized and easier to control. The internet has become a space where digital giants defend shareholder interests, authoritarian governments squash human rights, and private companies spy on politicians, activists, and journalists.

Cyberspace has become unstable, and the challenges faced by technologists and policymakers are more nuanced and complex. Authoritarian regimes have learned to use sophisticated techniques to establish their control in cyberspace, and democratic governments, technology firms, and other actors in cyberspace must push back.

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Les enjeux de l’eGouvernement dans les pays émergents

les enjeux de l’eGouvernement dans les pays émergents

Les services numériques ont une place particulièrement importante dans les pays développés tandis que la moitié de la population mondiale n’a toujours pas accès à Internet. La fracture numérique entre les pays développés et les pays émergents est toujours forte et les enjeux sont de plus en plus complexes. Nous allons commencer par faire un état des lieux de la révolution numérique actuelle afin d’en mesurer les enjeux. Puis, nous allons analyser les services qui permettraient d’apporter les bénéfices du numérique au plus grand nombre. Enfin, nous allons discuter des priorités à mettre en œuvre pour que l’ensemble des citoyens puisse avoir accès aux connaissances, aux infrastructures, aux équipements et à la connectivité permettant de bénéficier des services de eGouvernement.

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